What type of tooth surface loss usually affects a single-standing premolar?

Abfraction refers to the loss of tooth structure specifically at the cervical area, often seen as a wedge-shaped defect. This phenomenon typically occurs as a result of occlusal forces that cause flexure of the tooth. When this flexural stress exceeds the strength of the enamel and dentin, it can lead to micro-fractures and subsequent surface loss, particularly in single-standing teeth like premolars that bear significant occlusal loads.

In contrast, abrasion is the mechanical wear of a tooth surface due to external factors, such as aggressive tooth brushing or the use of abrasive dental products. Attrition is the wear that occurs as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact during chewing. Erosion involves the chemical dissolution of tooth structure due to acidic substances from diet or gastric acid, which is typically more diffuse and affects multiple surfaces rather than focusing on a specific area.

Thus, the unique mechanism of flexural stress leading to localized surface loss distinguishes abfraction from the other types of tooth surface loss listed.