What is the main cause of dental caries?

The main cause of dental caries is bacterial infection and acid production from food residue. Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, occurs when specific bacteria in the mouth metabolize sugars and carbohydrates from food. This process produces acids that can demineralize and erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities. The presence of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, plays a significant role in this process as it traps food particles and facilitates the acid production.

While fluoride deficiency can increase the risk of dental caries by reducing the enamel's resistance to acid, it is not the primary cause. Similarly, vitamin C deficiency and genetic predisposition can have indirect effects on oral health, but they are not direct causes of caries. Genetic factors may influence one's susceptibility to decay, but they do not initiate the carious process like bacterial activity does. Thus, the primary mechanism leading to the development of dental caries is indeed the action of bacteria and the subsequent acid production from the residues of dietary intake.