What does 'caries' mean in dental terminology?

In dental terminology, 'caries' refers specifically to tooth decay, which is a process characterized by the demineralization of the tooth structure due to the action of bacteria and acid. It occurs when the plaque on teeth emits acids that break down the enamel and dentin, ultimately leading to cavities.

Tooth decay is not just a surface issue; it can progress to more severe forms of damage if left untreated, potentially requiring dental interventions such as fillings or crowns. Understanding this concept is crucial for dental professionals, as it emphasizes the importance of preventive care and patient education regarding oral hygiene practices.

The other options relate to different dental conditions or treatments: tooth whitening pertains to cosmetic procedures, gum inflammation refers to gingivitis or periodontal disease, and a dental abscess is a localized infection. Therefore, recognizing 'caries' as tooth decay is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment in dental practice.