What condition is characterized by the irreversible loss of tooth structure?

The condition characterized by the irreversible loss of tooth structure is caries, commonly known as tooth decay. Caries occurs when acids produced by bacteria in the mouth dissolve the mineral content of the tooth enamel and dentin. When this demineralization process progresses, it can lead to cavities, which are physical holes in the tooth structure. If left untreated, caries can result in significant damage to the tooth, potentially leading to the need for restoration or extraction.

In contrast, gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that can often be reversed with proper oral hygiene, while periodontitis is a more severe form of gum disease that affects the bone supporting the teeth but does not specifically refer to the loss of tooth structure. Halitosis refers to chronic bad breath and is not related to the structural integrity of the teeth. Understanding the nature of tooth decay and its consequences helps dental professionals emphasize the importance of preventive care and oral hygiene to patients.