What condition is characterized by inflammation of the periodontium?

The correct answer is Periodontitis, which specifically refers to inflammation of the periodontium, the complex structure that includes the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone supporting the teeth. This condition generally arises from the progression of gingivitis but is more severe and can lead to the loss of tooth-supporting structures if not treated appropriately.

In Periodontitis, the inflammation extends deeper than just the gums to affect the underlying bone and supporting tissues, which is a significant concern in dental health. This inflammation can be associated with symptoms such as gum recession, pockets forming between the teeth and gums, and potential tooth mobility, all of which indicate a more advanced stage of periodontal disease.

While gingivitis involves inflammation of the gums specifically and is considered a preliminary stage of periodontal disease, it does not encompass all aspects of the periodontium. A periodontal abscess is an acute condition that occurs as a result of infection in the periodontal tissues but doesn't accurately describe the whole picture of periodontium inflammation. Dental caries, on the other hand, pertains to tooth decay caused by bacterial activity, which is a different dental condition altogether and does not involve the periodontium.